INFLUENCE OF RESTING TONGUE POSTURE ON MANDIBULAR ARCH WIDTH AND VERTICAL DIMENSIONS OF FACE
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the influence of tongue posture on the arch width of the mandible and the facial proportions in the vertical dimension.
Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out utilizing lateral cephalograms and dental molds from 120 participants (45 males, 75 females). The participants were classified into three categories based on the dimensions of their vertical facial structure: Normodivergent, Hyperdivergent, and Hypodivergent. The posture of the tongue was ascertained by measuring the distance from the tongue to the palate using the technique introduced by Graber and colleagues. The widths of the mandibular dental arches were assessed using the study molds. Differences among the groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Relationships between mandibular arch widths and six distinct tongue-to-palate measurements were investigated using Pearson's correlation. A p-value of< 0.05 was deemed to indicate a statistically significant result.
Results: The comparison of the tongue to palate distances (D1, D2, and D3) at 0, 30, and 60 degrees among study groups showed statistically nonsignificant differences, however, the tongue to palate distances (D4, D5, and D6) showed statistically significant differences amongst all groups. Statistically significant differences were found in intercanine and intermolar width among the three study groups. The correlation of tongue posture with mandibular intercanine width and intermolar width at all six tongue-to-palate distances was weak.
Conclusion: In hyperdivergent patients, the tongue posture was lower as compared to hypodivergent and norm divergent patients, especially at the mid-dorsum, anterior dorsum, and tongue tip regions. A weak correlation was found between mandibular arch width and tongue posture.
Article Details
Work published in JPMI is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Sarver DM. Interactions of hard tissues, soft tissues, and growth over time, and their impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(3):380-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.030.
Moss ML, Salentijn L. The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod. 1969;55(6):566-77. DOI:10.1016/0002-9416(69)90034-7.
Meng M, Xie Y, Cao J, Yu Y, Zhou X, Zou J. Effects of bonded spurs, fixed and removable palatal crib in the early treatment of anterior open bite: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;163(3):298-310. DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.10.017.
Zhao Z, Zheng L, Huang X, Li C, Liu J, Hu Y. Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):108. DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-01458-7.
Primozic J, Farcnik F, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M. The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in Class III malocclusion: a controlled study. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35(3):388-93. DOI:10.1093/ejo/cjs015.
Doyle ME, Premathilake HU, Yao Q, Mazucanti CH, Egan JM. Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction. Physiol Rev. 2023;103(2):1193-1246. DOI:10.1152/physrev.00012.2022.
Liu ZJ, Shcherbatyy V, Gu G, Perkins JA. Effects of tongue volume reduction on craniofacial growth: A longitudinal study on orofacial skeletons and dental arches. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(10):991-1001. DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.010.
Lowe AA, Takada K, Yamagata Y, Sakuda M. Dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue correlates: a cephalometric analysis of rest position. Am J Orthod. 1985;88(4):333-41. DOI:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90133-2.
Lowe AA. Correlations between orofacial muscle activity and craniofacial morphology in a sample of control and anterior open-bite subjects. Am J Orthod. 1980;78(1):89-98. DOI:10.1016/0002-9416(80)90042-1.
Topouzelis N, Iliopoulos C, Kolokitha OE. Macroglossia. Int Dent J. 2011;61(2):63-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00015.x.
D'Onofrio L. Oral dysfunction as a cause of malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019;22 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):43-48. DOI:10.1111/ocr.12277.
Yamaguchi H, Sueishi K. Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2003;44(2):43-54. DOI:10.2209/tdcpublication.44.43.
Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124(1):4-12. DOI:10.1016/s0889-5406(03)00306-8.
Ackerman JL, Proffit WR, Sarver DM. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Orthod Res. 1999;2(2):49-52. DOI:10.1111/ocr.1999.2.2.49.
Beenu V, Kattak AKS, Pattath VS, Nair SJ, Das R, Sreelekshmi MS. Is Neutral Zone, Patients Comfort Zone? A Feedback Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(Suppl 1):S2-S5. DOI:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_56_20.
Littlewood SJ. Evidence-based retention: Where are we now? Semin Orthod. 2017;23:229–36.
Graber TM, Petrovic AG. Dentofacial orthopedics with functional appliances. St. Louis Mosby; 1997.
Kim TH, Kim CH. Correlation between mandibular morphology and masticatory muscle thickness in normal occlusion and mandibular prognathism. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;46(5):313-20. DOI:10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.5.313.
Proffit WR. Contemporary orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018.
Pepicelli A, Woods M, Briggs C. The mandibular muscles and their importance in orthodontics: a contemporary review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128(6):774-80. DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.023.
Valdes C, Gutierrez M, Falace D, Astaburuaga F, Manns A. The effect of tongue position and resulting vertical dimension on masticatory muscle activity. A cross-sectional study. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(9):650-6. DOI:10.1111/joor.12080.
Gill D, Naini F. Preadjusted Edgewise Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: Principles and Practice. 1st ed. Wiley; 2023.
Gutierrez DAR, Garzon JS, Franco JQ, Botero-Mariaca P. Anterior open bite and its relationship with dental arch dimensions and tongue position during swallowing and phonation in individuals aged 8-16 years: A retrospective case-control study. Int Orthod. 2021;19(1):107-116. DOI:10.1016/j.ortho.2020.12.005.
Buschang PH, Jacob H, Carrillo R. The morphological characteristics, growth, and etiology of the hyperdivergent phenotype. Semin Orthod. 2013;19(4):212–26. DOI:10.1053/j.sodo.2013.07.002.
Hwang S, Jeong S, Choi YJ, Chung CJ, Lee HS, Kim KH. Three-dimensional evaluation of dentofacial transverse widths of adults with various vertical facial patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(5):692-700. DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.08.026.
Mastroianni D, Woods MG. 3D-CT assessment of mandibular widths in young subjects with different underlying vertical facial patterns. J World Fed Orthod. 2019;8(2):78–86. DOI:10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.02.005.
Fatima F, Fida M. The assessment of resting tongue posture in different sagittal skeletal patterns. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019;24(3):55-63. DOI:10.1590/2177-6709.24.3.055-063.oar.